Who is the Islamic "Allah"?

Muslims are fond saying that they and Christians worship the same God. But how can that be when the Christian God has a Son and the Muslim God Allah repudiates the idea of having a Son? If one God has a Son and the other does not, they cannot be the same God! Jesus Himself tells us that those who reject His Sonship have rejected the Father. Muslims therefore have rejected the God of Abraham. They worship a different god.

Allah is not the God of the Bible. This is proven in the famed Muslim statement known as the Takbir: “Allahu Akbar”. It is used in formal Salah (prayer) and is a victory cry in battle. It means “Allah is greater.” It is translated as “Allah is greater” or “Allah is greater than all.”

The battle cry is often used when attacking Jewish and Christian targets. It is a theological pronouncement that Allah is greater than the God of the Jews and Christians. This alone gives the truth to the Muslim lie that they worship the same god as the Jews and Christians. They believe their god (Allah) is greater than the God of the Bible, hence their battle cry of “Allah is greater” when they attack Jews and Christians.

The Shahada is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It is recited as a statement of faith. New converts to Islam must recite it. It states: “I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.” The recitation of the Shahada is the only formal requirement to convert to Islam.

The Shahada is a statement on the oneness of God. To recite it is to deny the Trinity and deity of Christ. Since the God of the Bible is a Trinity He cannot be the same God as the Islamic Allah. The recitation of the Shahada as one of Islam’s Pillars proves this fact. The foundation of Islam is based on a very denial of the Trinity and Sonship of Jesus Christ. It is a religion that is against the Trinity, it is against Jesus as the Son of God. It is an antichrist religion. As the beloved Apostle John stated:

Who is a liar but he that denieth that Jesus is the Christ? He is antichrist, that denieth the Father and the Son. Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father: he that acknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also (1 John 2:22-23).

That means that Islam is not just a different religion from Christianity with a different god. It is antichrist. It meets the very definition of antichrist as laid out by John. It is against Christianity. All the attempts at Islam claiming to worship the same god of the Christians is a lie!

If he is not the god of the Bible, then just who is the Islamic god Allah? Dr. Robert Morey reveals:

Islam’s origins have been traced back by scholars to the ancient fertility religion of the worship of the moon god which was always the dominant religion of Arabia. The moon god was worshipped by praying toward Mecca several times a day, making an annual pilgrimage to the Kabah which was a temple of the moon god, running around the Kabah seven times, caressing an idol of a black stone set in the wall of the Kabah, running between two hills, making animal sacrifices, gathering on Fridays for prayers, giving alms to the poor, etc.. These were pagan rites practiced by the Arabs long before Muhammad was born.^[i]

What is the Kabah (Kaaba) mentioned above? It is a stone building at the center of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is considered to be the Bayt Allah (“House of Alla”). Mecca can be considered the “Vatican” of Islam. Muslims are required to pray in the direction of Mecca (where the Kaaba is located) and they are required to make a pilgrimage during their life (the hajj). They are required to walk counterclockwise around the Kaaba seven times during the hajj.

The stone Kaaba is covered with a black tarp. It is decorated with pearls, jewels, gold and silver. Why such elaborate decorations on the stone? According to Edward Gibbons: “… the kuswa of the magnificent Kaaba, is what is used for clothing of a covering, on top of it, it is written, the Kaaba’s dressing, meaning ‘we have dressed her her dress.’”^[ii]

Walid Shoebat was a former Muslim who became a Christian. His ministry has been devoted to exposing Islam. He reveals the hidden (esoteric) occult doctrines behind the Kaaba – it is actually goddess worship! According to Shoebat, “The use “MOTHER OF HARLOTS”, while it is commonly attributed to the Vatican’s Mariology with the worship of Ishtar, history records that the worship of Ishtar “Kilili”, or “Queen of Harlots” originated from Arabia, not Rome. In fact, when Muslims roam roundabout the black stone, it is a throwback to the worship of Ishtar, whom they called Athtar and Allat.”^[iii]

The black stone of the Kaaba was originally dedicated to the Greek goddess Aphrodite in ancient times.^[iv]Modern day Muslim mystics compare the Kaaba stone to a virgin and the black tarp covering her as a virtuous wedding dress.^[v]

The connection of stones with pagan goddesses is attested to in the Bible itself. When Paul came into Ephesus, he was opposed by Demetrius, a silversmith who made silver shrines to the goddess Diana. Many people were hearing the Gospel from Paul and were leaving paganism for Christianity. This ate into Demetrius’ bottom line, and he was not having it. Instead, he tried to stir up the whole city against Paul:

For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, which made silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen; Whom he called together with the workmen of like occupation, and said, Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands: So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth. And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians. And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre. And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not. And certain of the chief of Asia, which were his friends, sent unto him, desiring him that he would not adventure himself into the theatre. Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused: and the more part knew not wherefore they were come together. And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defence unto the people. But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians. And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter? Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do nothing rashly. For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither robbers of churches, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess. Wherefore if Demetrius, and the craftsmen which are with him, have a matter against any man, the law is open, and there are deputies: let them implead one another. But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly. For we are in danger to be called in question for this day's uproar, there being no cause whereby we may give an account of this concourse. And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly (Acts 19:24-41).

One can see many parallels between the worship of Diana of the Ephesians and the Islamic worship of Allah at the Kaaba. The “image” that fell down from Jupiter was a stone (meteorite) that fell to the ground. The worshipers of Diana fashioned that meteorite into an image that was honored.

Not only that, but when the Ephesians learned Paul was a Jew, they chanted nonstop for two hours “Great is Diana of the Ephesians.” This is the same chant of Islam: Allahu Akbar.

The worship of celestial bodies formed the backbone of pagan religions. The two bodies most frequently worshipped in antiquity were the sun and the moon. According to Ernest Busenbark “Worship of the sun and the moon gods formed the basis for the religions of Egypt, Persia, and India. From Babylonia, where they perhaps reached their highest, or at least most widespread development, the sun and moon cults spread throughout southwest Asia and extended as far as Greece, Rome and Gaul.”^[vi] Asia is Asia Minor where Ephesus was located and where the worship of Diana of the Ephesians was concentrated.

According to Islamic tradition, the Kaaba is a black stone that fell from heaven – similar to the stone of Diana of the Ephesians!

Many Christian apologists claim that Allah is actually a pagan, pre-Islamic moon god. Obviously Islam contests this and the debates have raged back and forth. Based on the above, we can see the parallels to the Islamic Allah and the pagan worship of the moon and stars. However, for a long time there has been no “smoking gun” linking Allah to the ancient lunar gods.

Until recently.

In 2014, a 5,000+/- year old massive stone monument in the shape of the crescent moon was identified eight miles northwest of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Work carried out by doctoral student Ido Wachtel (of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) indicated that there was no city nearby; therefore, it cannot be a city wall. It was a monument, more massive than a football field!^[vii]

The monument is in the shape of a lunar crescent. “The shape may have had symbolic importance, as the lunar crescent is a symbol of an ancient Mesopotamian moon god named Sin, Wachtel said.”^[viii]

Only a days’ walk away from the site of the lunar monument is an ancient town called Bet Yerah which translated to “House of the Moon God.”^[ix] Wachtel theorized the monument may have marked the town’s borders but it was too far away to be utilized as a fortification.^[x]

As stated, Wachtel indicated that the lunar crescent is a symbol of the ancient Meopotamian moon god Sin. This confirmed the research of former Muslim Walid Shoebat, whose own research into antiquity revealed that the literal name of Sin in the ancient world was “Allah.”^[xi] According to Shoebat:

In fact, this evidence and clue was given in the Bible (Nehemiah 2:10,13; 13:28). In Hebrew the name is Sanballat (Hebrew: סַנְבַלָּט‎). Eberhard Schrader, cited in Brown–Driver–Briggs, considered that the name in Akkadian was Sīnuballit, from the name of the Sumerian moon god Sīn meaning “Sīn has begotten.”

The name stems from the construct of two names “Sin” and “Allat” which is the feminine name of Allah. According to numerous inscriptions, while the name of the Moon-god was Sin, his title was alilah, i.e. “the deity,” meaning that he was the chief or high god among the gods. 

There has been new research linking “Allah” being worshipped as a deity can be found in the Epic of Atrahasis chiseled on several tablets dating to around 1700 BC and was not found in Arabian records, but in Babylonian.^[xii] (emphasis added)

It is notable that Shoebat emphasis that Sin means “Sin has begotten”. Sin is the female moon goddess. The name Sinuballit means “Sin has begotten Allat.” Allat is the feminine name of Allah. Here we go again with the concept of a begotten god!

Islam teaches that Allah was worshipped by Abraham and the prophets as one god. The problem with that argument is there are no inscriptions found from antiquity in the Near East (or anywhere else) that describes the worship of Allah alone as one god. All pre-Islamic inscriptions found by archeologists that reference Allah reference him in the context of idolatry (polytheism).

Allah (Alla) is found in the ancient Epic of Atrahasis where he is considered to be a god of “violence and revolution.”^[xiii] Go figure. Allah is mentioned in this context as speaking to other gods to incite war:

Then Alla made his voice heard and spoke to the gods his brothers,’ Come! Let us carry Elil, the counselor of gods, the warrior, from his dwelling. Now, cry battle! Let us mix fight with battle!’ The gods listened to his speech, set fire to their tools, put aside their spades for fire, their loads for the fire-god, they flared up.^[xiv]

The Epic of Atrahasis was an ancient epic in the Near East by the Akkadians in the area that became ancient Babylon. It was written circa 1700-1800 B.C. It demonstrates the pre-Islamic origins of “Allah” and the fact that he was polytheistic in nature. Shoebat discovered this link by reading The Epic of Atrahasis. He was amazed to discover during his research that no expert in Assyriology or Sumerology made the connection that the Alla of the Akkadian Epic was the same as the Islamic Allah.^[xv]

The author of The Epic of Atrahasis was Ipic-Aya who lived under the Babylonian king Ammi-Saduqa.^[xvi] The Akkadians did not originate from Babylon (modern day Iraq) but migrated there from southern Arabia. With them, they brought their gods Shamash (the sun god) and Ashdar/Athtar (Venus – the moon god).

Athtar the moon god was originally male. However, after settling in Mesopotamia, the Arabian Akkadians began to identify him with the Sumerian goddess Venus Inanna, who would eventually become the Babylonian Ishtar. The now-female Athtar (Venus) also became identified with the Arabian Allat, the female consort of Allah.^[xvii]

According to the nineteenth century Luciferian H.P. Blavatsky, Venus is Lucifer.^[xviii] This is also confirmed with the Roman Catholic Church’s online Catholic Encyclopedia which states: “The name Lucifer originally denotes the planet Venus, emphasizing its brilliance.”^[xix]

In 2015, more archeological evidence was found which links the Islamic Allah to the ancient moon goddess. In in the Central Anatolian province of Yozgat in the Uşaklı Mound at the Büyük Taşlık village in Turkey, a cuneiform tablet dating to approximately 2000 B.C. was uncovered. The tablet shows symbols of the goddess Ishtar. It was written in the same cuneiform as The Epic of Atrahasis. This is important in further proving the linkage of Ishtar with The Epic of Atrahasis.

According to The Epic, Ishtar and the “snake beast” god Ishtaran are both other names for Allah.^[xx] The “Allah” mentioned in The Epic is a transvestite (both male and female).^[xxi] Former Muslim Walid Shoebat notes:

 In essence, this “Mother of Harlots” which ruled the kings of the earth from ancient times until now is  this transvestite deity Allah whose worship covers the entire region, then, and until now. So when Muslims roam roundabout the black stone it is a throwback to the worship of Ishtar, whom they called Athtar and Allat. St. John of Damascus said that the image of the Black Stone in the Kaaba in Mecca, is really an idol of Aphrodite porne, which is really just a Greek rendition of saying Allat or Ishtar, the harlot goddess.^[xxii]

Dr. Robert Morey confirms exactly what Shoebat’s research uncovered. In his book Islamic Invasion, he further explains the origins of the Islamic Allah:

It should not come as a surprise that the word “Allah” was not something invented by Muhammad or revealed for the first time in the Quran.

The well-known Middle East scholar H.A.R. Gibb has pointed out that the reason that Muhammad never had to explain who Allah was in the Quran is that his listeners had already heard about Allah long before Muhammad was ever born.^[xxiii]

Dr. Morey then cites to Dr. Arthur Jeffrey, one of the foremost Islamic scholars of modern times. Dr. Jeffrey is professor of Islamic and Middle East Studies at Columbia University. Dr. Jeffrey observes:

The name Allah, as the Quran itself is witness, was well known in pre-Islamic Arabia. Indeed, both it and its feminine form, Allat, are found not infrequently among the theophorous names in inscriptions from North Africa.^[xxiv]

In his book, Dr. Morey also identifies Allah as the moon god and father of other female deities including Al-Lat, Al-Uzza and Manat. He also identifies Allah with Bel.^[xxv]

There were 360 gods worshipped at the Kaaba at the time Muhammad conquered it. He displaced those gods and declared that “Allah” was the only god to be worshipped.

However, Muhammad’s earliest biographer Ibn Ishaq revealed that the so-called “prophet’s” adamant monotheism was not technically true. The current Quran is actually a redacted Quran. The modern Quran was revised (at Surah 53:19-22) as the Quran originally allowed for the worship of Al-Lat, Al-Uzza and Manat. Muhammad later removed those verses and claimed he was tricked by “Satan” into writing those particular verses. From this day forward, those verses are referred to by Muslim scholars as the “Satanic Verses.” The Quran itself alludes to Muhammad’s deception by Satan at Suras 17:73-74 and 22:51-52.

This raises another important point – if Muhammad himself admitted he was deceived by Satan when it came to the “Satanic Verses”, how could he be so confident that he was not deceived by Satan when it came to the entire Quran? How can Muslims have hope in a Prophet that admits that the Devil was able to deceive him and insert false verses into their holy book? How do they know that Satan did not manipulate the writing of the entire Quran? The Quran’s attack on the Trinity as well as the Sonship and deity of Jesus Christ indicates that that is exactly what happened. The fact that archeology shows Ishtar to be one and the same as Allah, and that Ishtar is the moon god Venus which is identified with Lucifer further solidifies the conclusion.

The further connection of Allah to Lucifer is found in Islam’s connections to Freemasonry. Any Master Mason (3^rd Degree) may become a member of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (or “Shriners” for short). The induction ceremony for the Shriners requires the inductee to take a blood oath before an altar upon which sits the Quran. The oath of induction is made to “Allah the God of Arab, Moslem and Mohammedan, the God of our fathers.”^[xxvi]

The Shriners wear a red fez upon which contains a scimitar and the Islamic symbol of the crescent moon. The Shriners deny any connection to Islam; however, the parallels are too obvious and so they are forced to admit there are some parallels. For example, the Masonic website for Universal Co-Masonry denies the connections to Islam. However, they are forced to admit that “it is true that there is some Islam-related symbolism in Shriner regalia, not least of which some variations of their signature Fez including the word Mecca.”^[xxvii] The rest of the article attempts to deny the connections of Islam to the Shriners or Freemasonry.

It is important to note that the author of the article denying Islam’s connections to Masonry is Jonathan Dinsmore who, at the time of writing his article, was only a First Degree Mason.^[xxviii] Freemasons in the lower degrees are kept ignorant of Masonry by design. Most Masons you will meet know very little of the true teachings of the Lodge. He appears to be one of the many victims of Freemasonry, deliberately kept in ignorance. He is not a deceiver but is rather deceived.

Let us listen to a high-ranking Freemason who is also a Muslim. That man is W.Bro. Shaikh Hatim Fidahussein Nakhoda PM. His credentials are listed below:

Research Lodge St. Michael No. 2933, Singapore
District Grand Lodge of the Eastern Archipelego, UGLE.W. Bro. Shaikh Hatim Nakhoda is a Past Master of Lodge St. Michael No. 2933 and a Past District Senior Grand Warden of the District Grand Lodge of the Eastern Archipelago. He is also a Past Master of Lodge Singapore No 7178. In addition, he holds the rank of Past Asst. Grand Director of Ceremony in the Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons of England and Wales and its Districts Overseas. He also carries the title Shaikh which was conferred on him, for his knowledge on Islam.^[xxix]

Nakhoda was granted the title of Shaikh as he is an expert in Islam. His credentials include several leadership positions within Freemasonry in England and Wales including overseas. He is a foremost expert on the upper echelons of Freemasonry. He is more qualified to speak on the connections of Freemasonry to Islam than Jonathan Dismore.

What does Nakhoda have to say about Masonry and Islam? He says: “I have been diligent in attending to my duties as both, a mason and a Muslim and have come to realise that Islam and masonry are indeed compatible. Freemasonry may even be considered complementary to Islam as its principles only go to reinforce a Muslim brother’s own faith; contrary to the misconceptions widely held among my Muslim brethren from various sects.”^[xxx](emphasis added)

Do not miss the fact that Nakhoda reveals that not only are Islam and Masonry compatible, but “complementary.” In fact, he reveals that the principles of Masonry “reinforce” a Muslim’s faith. The teachings of the Masonic Lodge serve to reinforce Islamic doctrine.

According to Nakhoda, Islam and Masonry have the same roots:

An essential need of a mason is his inalienable belief in the Supreme Being, God, Lord, Allah or Almighty. The term Islam, on the other hand, means submission to the Divine Will and Guidance of Allah and to follow the Divine Laws. The one who follows the divine Laws is called a Muslim. It therefore must follow that both Islam and masonry have existed from time immemorial and risen from the same roots. For this reason, King or Nabi (meaning prophet) Solomon is believed to have been a Muslim.^[xxxi] (emphasis added)

Nakhoda states that Masonry requires belief in One God – he identifies that “God” as Allah. He again reiterates that Freemasonry and Islam have the same origins: “I have endeavoured so far to explain that both Islam and masonry have the same root, neither contradicting the other nor can either be identified reasonably as Zionists.”^[xxxii](emphasis added)

What are those common roots between Islam and Freemasonry? In the Masonic “bible” Morals and Dogma, the leader of American Masonry Albert Pike writes: “Masonry is a search for Light. That leads us directly back, as you see, to the Kabbalah.”^[xxxiii]

Martin L. Wagner quotes other Masons who say “Masonry in its purity, derived as it is from the old Hebrew Kabbala as a part of the great universal wisdom religion of remotest antiquity.”^[xxxiv]

The famed occultist Eliphas Levi writes:

All truly dogmatic religions have issued from the cabala return therein; whatever is scientific and grandiose in the religious dreams of all illuminati—Jacob Boehme, Swedenborg, Saint Martin, and the rest—has been borrowed from the cabala; all masonic associations owe their secrets and their symbols thereto. The cabala alone consecrates the alliance of universal reason and the Divine Word ; it establishes, by the counterpoise of two forces in apparent opposition, the eternal balance of existence; it reconciles reason with faith, power with liberty, knowledge with mystery ; it has the keys of the present, past, and future.^[xxxv]

Nakhoda writes that the God of Freemasonry and the Islamic Allah are one and the same. Who then is the “God” of Freemasonry? In his written instructions to the 23 Supreme (Masonic) Councils of the world, Albert Pike, the Supreme Pontiff of Scottish Rite Freemasonry, made a startling admission as to who the Masonic “god” really is. He wrote that this truth should be shared only with those in the upper degrees of Masonry:

That which we must say to the crowd is – We worship a God, but it is the God that one adores without superstition. To you, Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, we say this, that you may repeat it to the Brethren of the 32^nd, 31^st and 30^th degrees – The Masonic religion should be, by all of us initiates of the high degrees, maintained in the purity of the Luciferian doctrine.

If Lucifer were not God, would Adonay (The God of the Christians) whose deeds prove his cruelty … and hatred of man, barbarism and repulsion for science, would Adonay and his priests calumniate him? Yes, Lucifer is god, and unfortunately, Adonay is also God. For the eternal law is that there is no white without black.

That is why the intelligent disciples of Zoroaster, as well as, after them, the Gnostics, the Manicheans and the Templars have admitted, as the only logical metaphysical conception, the system of the two divine principles fighting eternally, and one cannot believe the one inferior in power to the other. Thus, the doctrine of Satanism is heresy; and the true and philosophic religion is the belief in Lucifer, the equal of Adonay; but Lucifer, God of Light and God of God, is struggling for humanity against Adonay, the God of Darkness and Evil.^[xxxvi]

Nakhoda stated: “An essential need of a mason is his inalienable belief in the Supreme Being, God, Lord, Allah or Almighty.”^[xxxvii] According to him, the Masonic “god” and Allah are one and the same. Albert Pike, the leader of American Masonry and author of the Masonic “bible” Morals and Dogma reveals that the true “god” of Masonry is Lucifer, which means that Allah is Lucifer. Recall that in antiquity Allah was connected to Venus who is also considered by occultists to be Lucifer.

The connections of Lucifer to Allah prove that Islam is nothing more than what John said: an antichrist religion. It is a religion that is of the spirit of the antichrist, and which honors the antichrist by denying that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.

Who is a liar but he that denieth that Jesus is the Christ? He is antichrist, that denieth the Father and the Son. Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father: he that acknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also (1 John 2:22-23).

Islam is one of the many antichrist harlot daughters that were spawned from the Mother of Harlots & Abominations of the Earth. From Origen to Arius to Nestorius to Waraqah and Sergius and then to Muhammad … the historical links of Islam to the Great Mother of Harlots (Revelation 17) are all there for those who have eyes to see.

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^[i] Dr. Robert Morey, “Where Did Allah Come From?”, Faith Defenders, at https://faithdefenders.com/where-did-allah-come-from-by-dr-robert-a-morey-by-faith-defenders-apr-27-2022-world-religions/

^[ii] Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire, Volume 6, Chap. 1, Page 211., Little, Brown, and Company, 1855.

^[iii] Walid Shoebat, “Mystery Babylon is Mecca, NOT Vatican,” May 31, 2013, at https://shoebat.com/2013/05/31/mystery-babylon-is-mecca-not-vatican/

^[iv] Op. cit.

^[v] Op. cit.

^[vi] Ernest Busenbark, Symbols, Sex, and the Stars, p 3, The Book Tree (2003, originally published 1949).

^[vii] Owen Jarus, “Massive 5,000-Year-Old Stone Monument Revealed in Israel,” September 15, 2014, https://www.livescience.com/47835-massive-5-000-year-old-stone-monument-revealed-in-israel.html

^[viii] Op. cit.

^[ix] Op. cit.

^[x] Op. cit.

^[xi] Walid & Theodore Shoebat, “New Archeological Discovery Of The Moon God Confirms The Oldest Reference To Allah,” September 16, 2014, https://shoebat.com/2014/09/16/new-archeological-discovery-moon-god-confirms-oldest-reference-allah/

^[xii] Op. cit.

^[xiii] Op. cit.

^[xiv] Op. cit., (quoting from Atrahasis, tablet i, OBV i, i-ii, trans. Stephanie Dalley, in her Myths from Mesopotamia, p. 10, - emphasis Shoebat’s).

^[xv] Op. cit.

^[xvi] Op. cit.

^[xvii] Op. cit.

^[xviii] Madame Helena Blavatsky, The History of a Planet, Blavatsky Net – Theosophy, http://www.blavatsky.net/blavatsky/arts/HistoryfOfAPlanet.htm

^[xix] Catholic Encyclopedia, “Lucifer,” New Advent, https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410a.htm

^[xx] Walid & Theodore Shoebat, Archeologists Discover A 4000 Year Old Archeological Find Linking Allah To Lucifer And The “Harlot Religion”, August 21, 2015, https://shoebat.com/2015/08/21/archeologists-discover-a-4000-year-old-archeological-find-linking-allah-to-lucifer-and-the-harlot-religion/

^[xxi] Op. cit.

^[xxii] Op. cit.

^[xxiii] Dr. Robert Morey, The Islamic Invasion, p. 49, Xulon Press, 2011.

^[xxiv] Op. cit at p. 50., (quoting form Arthur Jeffrey, ed., Islam: Muhammad, and His Religion, p. 85, The Liberal Arts Press, 1958).

^[xxv] Op. cit., at p. 50

^[xxvi] Jim Shaw & Tom McKenny, The Deadly Deception: Freemasonry Exposed By One of its Top Leaders, p. 75, Vital Issues Pr, 1988.

^[xxvii] Bro. Jonathan Dinsmore, Universal Co-Masonry, “Do the Shriners Connect Freemasonry to Islam?” April 28, 2019, https://www.universalfreemasonry.org/en/article/shriners-connect-islam

^[xxviii] Op. cit.

^[xxix] W.Bro. Shaikh Hatim Fidahussein Nakhoda PM, “Islam and Freemasonry,” Freemasonry Matters, September 9, 2017, https://freemasonrymatters.co.uk/index.php/islam-and-freemasonry/

^[xxx] Op. cit.

^[xxxi] Op. cit.

^[xxxii] Op. cit.

^[xxxiii] Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, p. 741, 1871.

^[xxxiv] Martin L. Wagner, Freemasonry: An Interpretation, p. 113, quoting Mystic Masonry, pp. 119, 130, 138, 139, 140, available at http://www.mindserpent.com/American_History/organization/mason/freemasonry/freemasonry.html.

^[xxxv] Henry Ridgely Evans, Eliphas Levi - Magician and Mystic, p. 162, The Open Court, 1904, available at https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1728&context=ocj

^[xxxvi] Edith Starr Miller, Occult Theocrasy: Volume 1, pp. 220-221, TheResistanceManifesto.com, 1933.

^[xxxvii] W.Bro. Shaikh Hatim Fidahussein Nakhoda PM, “Islam and Freemasonry,” Freemasonry Matters, September 9, 2017, https://freemasonrymatters.co.uk/index.php/islam-and-freemasonry/